The activities and methods necessary to prepare a well for the production of oil and gas; the method by which a flow line for hydrocarbons is established between the [[reservoir]] and the surface. The method of well completion used by the operator depends on the individual characteristics of the producing formation of formations. These techniques include open-hole completions. conventional perforated completions, sand-exclusion conmpletions, tubingless comple tions, multiple completions, and miniaturized completions.